Teachers evaluation of Interactive Whiteboards technology in Second Dissertation

Instructors assessment of Interactive Whiteboards innovation in Second Language Classroom - Dissertation Example Regarding inclination, the standard deviation was just 1.01 which again is near the mean indicating that the greater part of the understudy favored the utilization of IWB. Every one of these perceptions show that the understudies are very responsive to the utilization of IWB. Be that as it may, regarding ease of use and viability of IWB in learning, the SD on the quantity of the understudy who were of the view that IWB isn't generally fruitful in achieve compelling learning was .825 which is higher. This suggests despite the fact that it has been believed to encourage learning and a decent inspiration, there is have to audit it further so as to expand its prosperity. Teachers’ Responses to the Questionnaire Items Instructional Effect of IWB proclamation mean SD Q1, IWB causes me to oversee Instructional time successfully 90%instructional time Effectively 3.10 .718 Q2, I think the exercises become increasingly compelling with IWB 3.20 .696 Q3,IWB encourages the homeroom the exe cutives for me 92 8 Q4, IWB enables my exercises to be progressively intelligent 3.05 .686 Q5, IWB encourages conversations on the substance in class 2.95 .686 Q6, There is no an ideal opportunity for my understudies to get around to utilizing an IWB* 2.75 .639 Q7, IWB gives favorable circumstances to me to make course content progressively visual 3.25 .716 Q8, The manner in which I give guidance has been changed since I started to utilize an IWB 2.95 .759 Q9, IWB causes me to utilize the PC and projector more adequately than before 3.30 .733 Motivational Effect of IWB Statement Mean SD Q15, I appreciate educating with an IWB arranged for guidance 3.05 .887 Q16, Because of utilizing an IWB, I feel myself progressively arranged for guidance 2.75 .851 Q17, I notice my IWB aptitudes are improving step by step 2.85 .813 Q18, Learning how to utilize an IWB is fundamental to me 3.15 .813 Q17, IWB makes my courses progressively pleasant to the understudies 3.05 .759... The investigation included a perception of the cooperations between the instructors and the students in an exercise where the IWB were used. The using of the board by understudies who were of a more youthful age supposedly was significant in their pleasure in the exercise. For example, a class was watched while the instructor was utilizing the brilliant board for game action. A few understudies were left to cooperate while others didn’t show any intrigue. It was seen that understudies who had not utilized the gadget already were effortlessly occupied from the principle content that the instructors educated. Be that as it may, understudies who had been told utilizing the IWB more than one were seen to gain more from the intuitive exercise. With everything taken into account, educators were utilizing the intelligent white board in practically all sort of courses, levels and aptitudes. While watching the utilization of the IWB in the study hall, it was seen that this innovation c an be utilized in the instructing/learning in different ways. It gave sight and sound discovering that is led through exercises, for example, control of pictures and messages, note making in computerized ink, bunch survey of sites and sparing notes that can be recovered by means of site, print or email. It can likewise be utilized to outline the utilization of certain product without moving to the individual student.

Dangerous Climate Change. What Strategies Are Available To Avert The Essay

Perilous Climate Change. What Strategies Are Available To Avert The Onset Of Dangerous Climate Change - Essay Example A few reports have demonstrated European summers getting more blazing, Alaskan streams and different lakes getting hotter, and our polar ice tops supposedly defrosting (Schneider and Lane, 2006). Something beyond the real warming of the planet, the effect of such warming has absolutely caught the world’s consideration. These are the significant issues which have caused a lot of worry among specialists and people in general when all is said in done. This issue has figured out how to influence the ecological, just as the business network with anticipated misfortunes in benefits certify to environmental change. Ecological specialists guarantee that as our planet keeps on developing hotter, all the more naturally related debacles would be relied upon to happen with a lot more grounded tropical storms, tempests, and hurricanes developing in the hotter seas (Lemonic, 2008). These specialists further underline that man needs to address the issues which relate to environmental change so as to stem the movement of this wonder into hazardous levels. The word ‘dangerous’ appears to have now been emphatically connected with environmental change. Its real significance with regards to environmental change will be talked about in this paper. This paper will talk about environmental change and the various ways by which its suggestions can really be measured to perilous levels. It will talk about where environmental change can be viewed as adequate and where it is viewed as hazardous. This examination is being embraced so as to set up an exhaustive and far reaching comprehension of environmental change just as its ramifications to our general public and our endeavors towards switching its effect. Conversation Defining ‘dangerous atmosphere change’ ‘Dangerous atmosphere change’ is a term which was presented lawfully during the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (McGuire, n.d). Atmosphere specialists have thought of various definitions so as to characterize where environmental change can be viewed as perilous. Schneider and Lane (2006, as refered to by Spratt and Sutton, 2008) have recommended various measurements in estimating environmental change and such measurements have included: the dangers to one of a kind and compromised geophysical or biophysical frameworks; dangers related with extraordinary climate occasions; all out harms; temperature edges to enormous scope occasions; dangers to worldwide biological systems; loss of human societies; key manageability measurements of water, vitality, farming, wellbeing, and biodiversity; the quantity of individuals put in danger; and the activating of irreversible chain of occasions. These are for the most part measurements which can be utilized so as to decide how hazardous the effect of environmental change is. Dawson and Spannagle (2009) examine that risky environmental change is the level of environmental change which damages Article 2 of the UNFCCC. Article 2 essentially presents that the capacity of the UNFCCC is to deal with the outflow of ozone depleting substances to levels which would forestall perilous anthropogenic obstruction with the climate and atmosphere framework (Dawson and Spannagle, 2009). As a result, such satisfactory levels must be accomplished inside levels which would: â€Å"allow biological systems to adjust normally to environmental change; guarantee that food creation isn't undermined; and empower financial improvement to continue in a practical manner† (Dawson and Spannagle, 2009, p. 112). Article 2 doesn't utilize the specific words ‘dangerous atmosphere change,’ anyway such words are acknowledged regarding hazardous anthropogenic impedance; it likewise alludes to the man-made poisonous compound discharges which trigger atmosphere changes past their characteristic examples. The UNFCCC has not thought of an unmistakable definition

No subject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

No subject - Essay Example Then again, child young ladies favor supporting, helpful, and dolls play. In school, most young men exceed expectations in math and science subjects while young ladies in craftsmanship and writing. Young ladies read, compose, and talk sooner than young men do. Young ladies are likewise more sympathetic and enthusiastic with others than young men. In any case, young men are genuinely dynamic and more forceful than young ladies. As per Kimmel (22), the hormonal and hereditary elements characterize sexual orientation contrasts. This exploration accept that organic sex decided social contrasts. This exploration shows that, the variety in sexual orientation is investigated in the meanings of womanliness and manliness. Naturally, men convey various degrees of testosterone and mind structure than ladies. This clarifies why most men are sex driven than ladies. It additionally clarifies why most ladies are progressively enthusiastic, ill humored, and touchy than men. In any case, infant young ladies are touchy to sound and contact than infant young men. They likewise show more enthusiasm for holding eye to eye connection and speaking with others than young men. Young ladies with CAH, which is a chemical insufficiency that produces male hormones in girls’ embryo, may show enthusiasm for sports exercises and become increasingly solid in future. In any case, different examinations uncover nature assumes a pivotal job on sex generalizations. ... As a rule, young ladies are more spoiled than young men and this makes them to be more enthusiastic than young men. Kids take in some conduct from the media. For example, the media depicts female characters as passionate, sentimental, and delicate. Then again, the media depicts male characters as increasingly intense, venturesome, and dynamic. Most advertisements for young men are uproarious and invigorating while those for young ladies are peaceful and calming. In light of this, youngsters who observe more TV shows display more sexual orientation generalizations about young men and young ladies. At a young age, the kid starts to see how the person in question ought to carry on in the general public as directed naturally. In the general public, certain human characteristics are socially particular of just one sex. For example, young men are relied upon to be stoutly solid while young ladies are definitely not. Young ladies are likewise expected to be passionate, delicate, mindful, ch erishing, and accommodating. In certain examples, the general public anticipates that ladies should support, cook for their companions, and go for shopping. It is critical to take note of that, culture assumes an indispensable job in sexual orientation contrasts. In many societies, ladies perform family unit tasks and liable for kid care. Be that as it may, most societies request men to accommodate their family. In African nations, men are more engaged than ladies. With this, it is obvious that conventions and social traditions add to the sexual orientation belief systems and contrasts. Most solid men takes part more on weight training rivalries while ladies take part more in the open area as a result of the idea of performing youngster care obligations. A few scholars have endeavored to clarify sexual orientation imbalance and division of work. For example, Kimmel (56) calls attention to that, the effect of property possessing, the interest of winning in the war, and the

The Secret to Ap Seminar Long Essay Samples

The Secret to Ap Seminar Long Essay Samples Top Ap Seminar Long Essay Samples Secrets If your school doesn't offer a list of possible expert advisers, attempt to brainstorm some ideas of who might be able to mentor you when you work. You have to write your research paper in the shape of a string of tweets. It's also obvious that discrimination is a well-known topic because the subject is not uncommon in our society as well as how colleges often require applicants to write admission essays on this issue. A third section contains a mixture of free-writing narration for a succession of pictures, together with reading and responding to an email. Getting the Best Ap Seminar Long Essay Samples When you surf our site for recommendations that might help you write your own essay, you will come across many helpful tips. 1 list of prospective research questions are available here and another can be found here. Couldn't upload several docs. Prompt consists of an article that you've got to synthesize. Frequently, it includes a text you ought to analyze. Based on your assignment, you may have to select a key text. The Upside to Ap Seminar Long Essay Samples It's very useful to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. Also don't forget there are general guidelines that should be followed by all researchers so as to maintain ethical research practices. Another angle to think about is the access to resources and distinctive equipment. To begin with, make certain to read the directions carefully, highlighting the regions of the prompt you absolutely must cover. When you're writing an English essay, you have zero chance to verify your paper by another individual. These words and phrases may be used. The body paragraphs are the center of the essay. Never forget your body paragraphs are somewhat more important than the conclusion, and therefore don't slight them merely to put i n a conclusion. The small note at the conclusion of the prompt about avoiding plot summary is extremely important. On the flip side, the long-term effect can result in suicidal thought or even actions. This reveals that discrimination is a frequent topic irrespective of the nation you belong or visit. Remember to keep on topic. Ap Seminar Long Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About Your paper and presentation is going to be the exam! Every one of these assignments makes up a part of the last AP score. As you start to narrow off your project idea, you will need to think about the increased context of your AP Research course. Finding out how to communicate ideas effectively is a big portion of AP Seminar. In addition to all that, all essays and recordings have to be processed via the Seminar teacher to be able to be sent to the College board, or so the teacher might require you to be in the class for this reason alone. Early graduation permits students to begin with their careers whenever possible, but there's not any reason to hurry to accomplish all this. Team Project Management Sheet Here is a duplicate of the team management sheet in the event you want to print off an extra. The main reason for this is that you might be able to cash in some program credit to satisfy your degree requirements, and it may also bring you one step closer to garnering AP awards supplied by the College Board. This AP class is very good for students who wish to challenge themselves and learn more regarding the independent research process before starting college. If you opt to take AP Capstone, you are going to have to choose 4 AP courses by yourself. You must take AP Seminar before you may take AP Research. AP Seminar is basically a chance for advanced students to find some experience with the sorts of assignments and expectations that are typical in college classes. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're predicted to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. The coat hanger comes out of a dumpster. My school atmosphere is extremely pleasant and school environment is extremely clean and appealing. Your teacher might ask you to revise specific parts of your proposal. Some schools will compile a pool of likely expert advisers available, though other schools will rely on you to discover your own. I like to go school daily as my mother states that it is quite crucial to visit school daily and follow all of the discipline.

Racial Profiling of Minorities in America - 2081 Words

The Racial Profiling of Minorities in America Ethnic Studies 123 Professor Hebert Johnson John Jay College of Crimnal Justice By: Andy Victor Our country was founded on this idea of freedom and how America was this land of opportunity. Time and history tells us it was easier said than done because racism restricted certain groups from achieving that â€Å"opportunity†. This social issue still haunts today but manifest not whips and chains but through racial profiling. Racial profiling is unjust, and a poison to the ideas of Democracy because it generalizes a specific group as being criminal and therefore makes the rest society inherit the same perception. In our society today, we have both†¦show more content†¦Hispanics were 1.48 times more likely to be stopped. After the traffic stop, non-Whites were more likely to be arrested, yet police in West Virginia obtained a significantly higher contraband hit rate for White drivers than minorities.† In Illinois statistics of the 2003 traffic stops uncovered similar patterns of racial profiling by law enforcement authorities. According to civilrights.org â⠂¬Å"The number of consent searches after traffic stops of African-American and Hispanic motorists were more than double that of Whites. The consent searches found White motorists were twice as likely to have contraband.† Another study exposed the Texas police department for practicing racial profiling. Civilrights.org writes â€Å"A 2005 study analyzing data gathered statewide in Texas reveals disproportionate traffic stops and searches of African Americans and Hispanics, even though law enforcement authorities were more likely to find contraband on Whites.† So not only can we argue that this is socially unjust but also unconstitutional. In many cases the racial profiling victims have not even committed a crime but yet they are constantly being treated as suspects. Race should never be the basis of why a person is stopped, interrogated, and searched but unfortunately it is. According to the American Civil Liberties Union â€Å"On April 23, 2010, Arizona governor JanShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling : The United States Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling The United States of America, a country founded on diversity, remains ingrained with hypocritical ideas with respect to its very foundations of freedom and independence. America shows no mercy in the prejudice actions towards its minorities. The United States of America contributes greatly towards the injustice of minorities and giving privilege towards its â€Å"native† people yet not all â€Å"natives† are greatly loved in the country as Neil Foley, author of Becoming Hispanic: MexicanRead MoreRacial Profiling Is Not Be Acknowledged As A Law Authorization1476 Words   |  6 PagesRacial profiling emerges as a standout amongst the most dubious issues in the United States of America as well as different parts of the world all the more so in the created nations. Basically, it includes the utilization of the ethnicity, race or nationality of a person as the fundamental variable of law authorization methodology, for example, arbitrary checks, capture and so forth. In the United States of America, racial profiling is generally considered by numerous individuals as an apparatusRead MoreRacial Inequality Of Americ Why It Still Matters Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesRace in America - Why it still Matters One would not want to live a life if they knew their chances of reaching their goals, were almost certainly downsized or marginalized by their race. Well, sadly this is the case for Blacks in America. Blacks are often found to be, at the bottom of the American society. America is suppose to be â€Å"The land of the free, and the home of the brave,† allowing all citizens equal opportunity. However in a harsh reality it is not, but instead the land of the incapacitatedRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen thinking about racism, it feels like it is a thing of the past, but it’s not. There are numerous people who are racist in law enforcement and that is demonstrated through racial profiling. Racial profiling still exists today and unfortunately happens frequently. In 2013, an unarmed black male, Trayvon Martin, is shot and killed by an officer. In 2014, Michael Brown, who is also a black male is shot and killed by another officer. Also, many black and Hispanic people are racially profiled andRead More Racial Targeting and Profiling in the United States Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Targeting and Profiling in the United States The practice of targeting individuals for police investigation based on their race alone in the last few years has been an increasingly prominent issue in American society. Numerous magazines, newspapers, and journals have explored the issue of race-motivated police actions. Recently, the ABA Journal did a study of New Jersey and Pennsylvania traffic stops from 1998 to 2001, concluding that black drivers were more likely to be pulled over andRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling1418 Words   |  6 Pagestopics is racial profiling. For centuries, America has looked down and discriminated minorities and it still continues today. It began when minorities started to immigrate to America in search of better lives. Most whites believed in white supremacy and thought minorities were aliens. The police use racial profiling mostly towards minority groups. Racial profiling is the use of race or a skin color to suspect someone of doing an offense. While some people think that racial profiling is beneficialRead MoreRacial Profiling is Unfair to the Innocent Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of racial profiling in America is one of great importance to the future of American society. This issue fairly new, in terms of being recognized is old in its ways. Racism and stereotyping are issues that date back to hundreds of years ago. Racial profiling in America is one that needs to be addressed by the government and society if we ever want America to truly be, The Land of The Free. One of the main examples of racial profiling is called DWB (Driving While Black). This is a termRead MoreThe Rise Of Awareness Of Police Brutality Towards Black Males965 Words   |  4 Pageswith the rise of awareness of police brutality towards black males in America, it is clearly evident that black people are treated differently especially in terms of racial profiling. According to analysis by New York Civil Liberties Union, in 2013 83% of the people stopped in New York for a fri sk and search were black or Hispanic with only 12% being white and of all the people stopped 81% were completely innocent. Racial profiling causing an uneasiness to those who are victims of it, for Brent StaplesRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United Kingdom934 Words   |  4 PagesRacial profiling has become a highly debatable law enforcement practice over the last two decades. There has been an overwhelming increase of reported instances in which law enforcement personnel have been accused of targeting certain minority groups. This has casted a luminous spotlight on racial profiling, as well as increased tensions between law enforcement and citizens. Two black America s by the Wilson Quarterly reported that New York City police stopped nearly 700,000 people, with 85% ofRead MoreThe Immigration And The Rule Of Law Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesbyproducts of racial profiling in America. Racial profiling is a common occurrence in the United States. In an article called Racial pro filing - separate and unequal keeping the minorities in line - the role of law enforcement in America, it specifically talks about racial profiling in the police force. The article expresses that racial profiling is one of the most serious, enduring, and divisive human rights violations in the United States. April Walker has gone more into detail about racial profiling

Impact Of Social Media On Self Esteem - 2052 Words

Affects Social media has on Self-esteem Olivia Nelson Victory Charter School This paper explains about the affects social media has on our self-esteem as teenagers and how cyberbullying is a major problem in our society because there is nothing we can do about it. Social media is a major part of our lives and every day routines so when we take a step back and realize what we have done or have been doing then we know how negative it can be. Social media will forever depict who we are from what we post and comment and like and share. The digital footprint is our social media print of what we are and who we are as a person. Social media is a big part of our lives because we can do everything on just one device. We spend a majority of our time on social networks and â€Å"interacting† with other people online. While that may sound convenient and appealing to us, it plays a bigger part in our lives than we realize. Social media can affect a person’s self-esteem either negatively or positively due to interpretations and other people’s self-worth. According to a new study, pressure to be on social media 24/7 can lead to bad sleep quality and a higher chance of depression and anxiety in teens. (Agata Blaszczak-Boxe, 2015) During the said study, researchers asked 467 teens from 11 to 17 about usage of social media during their days. (Agata Blaszczak-Boxe, 2015) In other tests, they watched the teens sleep patterns and any case of depression orShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Impact On Individual Self Esteem Essay1981 Words   |  8 PagesSince social media is a relatively new concept, many of the practical implications of using social networking sites are still being studied. For many research psychologists and sociologists alike, how use of social media affects one’s individual self-esteem, well-being, and overall mental health is a great area of research. Previous research has yielded highly differing, and sometimes conflicting results. For example, in their systemic review of literature from 2003-2013, Best, Manktelow, and TaylorRead MoreThe Impact of Social Media Upon Self Esteem2506 Words   |  11 Pagesis different now. Thanks to recent advances in technology and the Internet, it could be argued that we are much more social beings. If we need feedback on something, it can be attained in seconds. While this concept does present many possible benefits, there are many disadvantages. Say an aspiring artist creates what she thinks could be her best masterpiece yet, an intricate self-portrait painted on a colorful canvas. Like most artists, she wants others to appreciate her piece, so she posts it onRead MoreSocial Media and Its Impact on Social Behavior1455 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media and its Impact on Social Behavior Social Media and its Impact on Social Behavior Introduction Social media has drastically changed how people communicate. How many people remember how it feels to hear the phone ring in the house or receive a letter in the mail? Today’s youth know nothing other than text messages, tweets, and Facebook. Social media and the social entertaining websites of today have affected social behavior in many ways. While there are many advantages to this technologicalRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of Social Media1482 Words   |  6 Pagespropose psychological well-being to be composed of six elements: self-acceptance; positive relations; autonomy; environmental mastery; purpose in life and a sense of personal growth. This suggests that there are a variety of ways in which an individual’s wellbeing may be affected and provides insight into how vulnerable individuals can be to environmental factors which may alter their state of well-being. Research proposes that social media- an online environment in which individuals can communicate andRead MoreThe Differences between the Self-Esteem of Boys and Girls During Puberty1247 Words   |  5 Pagesa decreased self-esteem. Boys and girls both have affected self-esteem during puberty, but girls’ self-esteem seems to have a negative impact during puberty, whiles boys seem to have a more positive impact. This paper will focus on the impact of self-esteem in both boys and girls during puberty, and if there is a positive or negative impact. Self-Esteem To understand what effect self-esteem has on adolescents going through puberty, one has to know what self- esteem is. Self-esteem is known asRead MoreHow Does Self Discrepancy Of Media Influenced Body Image Affect Adolescents Self Esteem?1235 Words   |  5 PagesSection A: Project Details Title: How does self-discrepancy of media-influenced body image affect adolescents’ self-esteem? Abstract: Research has shown that exposure to thin-ideal media is related to body dissatisfaction. Consequently, the accumulated dissatisfying emotions regarding one’s body can evolve into distorted body perception. Such disturbed body image has been evident as associated with low self-esteem. Nonetheless, little research has sought to elucidate the rationales for these perplexedRead MoreSelf-Esteem an Social Media985 Words   |  4 PagesFacebook Activity and Self-Esteem Self-Esteem Self-esteem serves as the foundation for many components of who we are and our views on life. High levels of self-esteem have been correlated with greater satisfaction in multiple important aspects of life, including professions, salaries, relationships, and physical health (Orth, 2012). While good self-esteem can be associated with many benefits, low self-esteem is accompanied by countless negative qualities. In a recent study, it was found that adolescentsRead MoreSocial Differences Among College Students1448 Words   |  6 PagesFacebook Social Comparison Among College Students Facebook has 1.4 active users and growing (Vogel et al., 249. 2015). This is an impressive number because it signifies the importance social media ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ specifically Facebook has in today’s society. The majority of college students have Facebook accounts (Ellison, Steinfield, Lampe., 2007). Facebook is a platform where friends share personal updates in the form of pictures, and status updates. With this availability of information, it opens the doorRead MoreSelf Esteem Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesone of the leading cause of low self-esteem ,we read about young adult going through teen issues such as bullying , fighting and many more other issues but in 2017 things have changed .Many teenagers are obsessed with social media sites such as Facebook, Snap chat, or even Instagram . these sites were either design for reconnection with lost family or friends to showing people bit a piece what you do on a day to day basis but now that’s not the case. Self -esteem i s when an individual has confidenceRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1117 Words   |  5 PagesNegative impact of social media to the society. Addictiveness. Right off the bat, Teens are exceptionally subject to their gadgets in light of the fact that separated from schoolwork they are experts at spending the small hours of the night stuck to any electronic gadgets sharing, tuning in to music and different things youngsters are occupied with. Addiction usually refers to compulsive behavior that leads to negative effects. In most addictions, people feel compelled to do certain activities at

Personal Work Priority and Professional Development- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePersonal Work Priority and Professional Development. Answer: Manage personal work priorities Job Description- Achieve the growth along with hitting sales target by managing in a successful manner the sales team Business Goal- Building and promoting customer relationship that is long-lasting and strong with the help of partnership Organisation Policy and Procedure- Our organisations works on the basis of the needs of the clients that is suited for their ever-changing needs (Park et al., 2014). Goals for the Job description Engaging successfully with the clients and customer so that it can help in driving sales by having influence on the purchase decisions Make use of the global insight along with decades of experience to create our brands Getting closer to the customers so that it can influence sales The solutions of the business have been tailored so that it can appeal to customers The customer strategies are insight-driven and the designs are customised The goal setting would help me in my professional growth and help the company in growing. It would help me in learning more skills and gaining more knowledge that will be crucial for my position. Setting goals that are realistic can be helpful for the team along with that of the sales manager (Cummings and Worley 2014). Setting short term goals would ensure the long-term success of the company and the individual. It will help the organization to live at intersection of the realistic along with that of the challenging. a) Lead Response time- In terms of the lead response, speed is essential for increasing the sales reps odd in relation to success. A Harvard study has shown that sales reps that contacts lead within an hour had more chances of having a meaningful conversation with that of a decision maker (Anderson 2016). Rate of Contact- Every sales manger should ensure that the outbound call volume is very high. New study has estimated that reps should generate around 32 opportunities per 1000 outbound calls (Zaki et al., 2017). Rate in relation to Follow up Contact- Persistence will always pay off. Most of the sales agents do not follow up with the leads for the second time. This is extremely important as 10 % of the sales are closed during the fourth contact and 80 % of sales are made between that of the fifth and 12th contact. The sales manager should ensure that every lead is recorded and the calls are followed up so that it ensures sales (Cottrell 2015). Monthly Sales Target- Monthly sales target can serve as an important parameter for understanding the performance of the sales manager. b) The effectiveness of sales can be increased by improving the interconnection between that of sales, marketing and that of service that can provide a customer-centric experience that can help in growing the sales base. The internal processes along with that of handoff points should be integrated (Reynolds 2017). Each touch point should be leveraged so that it can help in increasing consistency across that of the customer experience. c) My weakness revolves around the art of persuasion and it should be improved so that it can help in improving my sales performance (Hawkins 2013). My strength lies in my communication skills with the help of which I can communicate the effectiveness of a particular brand to the customer. Answer 4) Honing the skill in relation to communication of the vision is an important activity that ensures success in the field of professional development. Meeting with the executives on weekly basis can help in communicating the feedback to that of the junior level staff. This strategy helps in tying the people who are in the front line to that of the organizational goal (Girma 2016). It is my duty to ensure that people who are working at the lower level in the organization should know the organizational goal so that they can work to that end. Mentoring along with feedback is of crucial importance in encouraging the staff. The sales leaders should close loop between that of pushing sales people towards the performance metrics and encourage development that is required to meet the goals (Northouse 2015). A spreadsheet cannot help in managing the staff and it does not provide the root cause in relation to attitudes and behaviour. The opinion of each sales person should be listened t o very carefully and conversation should be facilitated so that their point of views can be understood (Carter et al., 2016). Work Plan Work Activity Description Goals KPI Time frame Person Responsible Honing the element of vision so that it can attract the customers Meeting with the top executives of the company can help in the communication of vision of the people working at the top hierarchy to those who are working at the lower level Successfully engaging with the client so that it can drive sales Lead Response Time 1 year Sales team Meetings with pioneers in the field of Sales and Marketing so that their vision is communicated. Meeting with the sales team of different companies and hear about the techniques that they use for sales and marketing Cognizance of global insight who have experience in the relevant fields Monthly Sales Target 1 year Sales Team Answer 6) The words and actions of the sales manager should be consistent and engaging in manipulative behaviour will put the loyalty of the team at risk. I would treat all the team members equally and the goal setting should be meaningful and reasonable. I will have to make sure of the fact that my vision is in sync with that of the subordinate employees. Consultation with people who are working in the same field can be extremely helpful in gauging the future and can bolster with one with valuable information regarding a particular position (Aarons et al., 2015). A work-life balance is extremely important in todays complex professional environment. The personal situation should be analyzed and it is necessary to main a time log that should include work-related along with personal activities (Kearns et al., 2015). This kind of data can serve as an eye-opener that can help in understanding how one is using or losing time. Develop and Maintain Professional Competence Answer 1) Organisations have a set of standard in relation to the competence in the organisation. The knowledge and skills of an individual should be measured against the competency standard so that it can help in determining development needs along with proprieties that are necessary for achieving the goal. The different parameters in my company against which I will be judged are: Will to Sell, Sales DNA, Systems and Strategy and Tactical (Men and Tsai 2014). On the basis of the organisation, the sales manager should have a strong commitment in relation to the sales success. He should have a strong desire in relation to the sales success. He should be able to take responsibility and be able to control the emotions. The sales manager should have mastery in relation to the social selling tools and he should be equipped with presentation skills and relationship building skills (Sigmund, Semrau and Wegner 2015). A feedback questionnaire was distributed in the organization and the parameters on the basis of which I was judged was that of Will To Sell, Sales DNA and Communication skills. The questionnaire was distributed among the subordinates along with that of the superiors who marked me on a scale of 10. It is important to take into consideration the feedback provided by my subordinates who will be able to highlight my weak areas (Iyengar 2017). It would clearly indicate what are the area that I need to work on so that it can provide my subordinates with satisfaction and lead to overall development of the company. The top management would be able to identify areas which needs improvement and provide valuable advice regarding my competency in different field (Block 2016). Meeting with subordinate- Sales Professional Why do you think you were unsuccessful in selling the Dell laptop to my last customer? Answer: I was not aware about the memory capacity of the particular model that my client was asking for and that had a bad impact on my customer. My customer was not happy with the details given and I was unsure about the memory capacity of the particular model that cost me a customer. According to me, if I was sure about the information that I had been asked for, then it could have led to a purchase. From the above meeting, it is clear that the employees need extensive training in relation to the details of the product. There should be a weekly meeting, where the employees are enlightened about the specific features in relation to the different products and they should be provided with the unique feature of the different products so that they can attract the customers by talking about this special feature (Johnston and Marshall 2016). It would lead to the item being purchased and add to the revenue of the company. Meeting with a subordinate- Sales Professional Question: Do you feel that there is work-life balance in your organisation and you are happy with the environment prevailing at your workplace? Answer: I feel that flexibility is an important aspect in an organisation and I am not given the freedom to work on the basis of my point of view that cost my client base and affects my performance. When the last customer wanted to buy garments I wanted to take him to the section that showcased the casual wear (Yu, Zhang and Xu 2013). I was however directed to go to the particular section that sold the embroidery garments and however that was not to the liking of the customer. The customer looked unhappy and left the shop soon after that. From the above meeting, it is clear that the employees are not provided with sufficient freedom to perform their work. They are coerced by the people working at the upper level and dictated about how to go along with their job. This will lead to lack of self-esteem and leave the employees under-confident. Professional Development Training Timeframe Description of Opportunity Competency To Develop 6 months Training should be provided to the employees regarding the details about the different products so that they feel comfortable when a customer approaches them for buying a product and they feel confident to reveal interesting details about the product that would lead to the article being sold in the market. In-depth knowledge of the products 1 year Training on Empowerment Mental satisfaction is necessary to perform well within an organization. The employees should be given abundant freedom so that they work on the basis of their particular perspective and are given room to work according to their own opinion. The employees should be sufficiently empowered so that they feel confident to voice their opinion within the organization. The employees should be provided with valuable information and they should be trained regarding the factors that can lead to their empowerment. Employees who can connect their efforts to that of the overall work of the organization find it a lot easier to make decisions so that it is in line with the vision of the organization. Networking Activities Timeframe Networking Activity Professional Advantage 6 months Presentation skills are important for the profession of sales. The employees are with the help of a playful activity asked to describe the products. In the end, a prize is given to three people who were the best speakers. Collaboration and Community Building 6 months The employees are asked how to lead a meeting that would help them to become more confident and be sure about their abilities. Improve the public speaking skills and help in developing workplace skills The professional development training along with networking activities will strengthen the employees of CPM Australia and they would be able to contribute effectively for the growth of the organization (Borg and Johnston 2013). Training about the products and about the empowerment skills would help the employees to reach their organisation goal of promoting customer relationship and serving the needs of the clients. Providing training on public speaking skills would provide the employees with confidence and ensure their professional development. References: Aarons, G.A., Farahnak, L.R., Ehrhart, M.G. and Hurlburt, M.S., 2015. Leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI): a randomized mixed method pilot study of a leadership and organization development intervention for evidence-based practice implementation.Implementation Science,10(1), p.11. Anderson, D.L., 2016.Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Block, P., 2016.The empowered manager: Positive political skills at work. John Wiley Sons. Borg, S.W. and Johnston, W.J., 2013. The IPS-EQ model: interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence in a sales process.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,33(1), pp.39-51. Carter, D.F., Ro, H.K., Alcott, B. and Lattuca, L.R., 2016. Co-curricular connections: The role of undergraduate research experiences in promoting engineering students communication, teamwork, and leadership skills.Research in Higher Education,57(3), pp.363-393. Cottrell, S., 2015.Skills for success: Personal development and employability. Palgrave Macmillan. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Girma, S., 2016. The relationship between leadership style, job satisfaction and culture of the organization.IJAR,2(4), pp.35-45. Hawkins, P., 2013.Coaching, mentoring and organizational consultancy: Supervision, skills and development. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Iyengar, R.V., 2017. People Matter: Networking and Career Development.IUP Journal of Soft Skills,11(1), p.7. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Kearns, K.P., Livingston, J., Scherer, S. and McShane, L., 2015. Leadership skills as construed by nonprofit chief executives.Leadership Organization Development Journal,36(6), pp.712-727. Men, L.R. and Tsai, W.H.S., 2014. Perceptual, attitudinal, and behavioral outcomes of organizationpublic engagement on corporate social networking sites.Journal of Public Relations Research,26(5), pp.417-435. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Park, Y.K., Song, J.H., Yoon, S.W. and Kim, J., 2014. Learning organization and innovative behavior: The mediating effect of work engagement.European Journal of Training and Development,38(1/2), pp.75-94. Reynolds, M., 2017.Organizing reflection. Routledge. Sigmund, S., Semrau, T. and Wegner, D., 2015. Networking ability and the financial performance of new ventures: moderating effects of venture size, institutional environment, and their interaction.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), pp.266-283. Yu, D., Zhang, W. and Xu, Y., 2013. Group decision making under hesitant fuzzy environment with application to personnel evaluation.Knowledge-Based Systems,52, pp.1-10. Zaki, E.B.E.M., Rizal, A.M., Kamarudin, S., Husin, M.M. and Sahimi, M., 2017. Effective Sales Training in a Direct Selling Organization.Advanced Science Letters,23(4), pp.3021-3024.

Role Of Human Resources Management

Introduction Human Resource Management is a functional unit of an organization that deals is concerned with the management of employees and their welfare. It is composed of a set of policies, programs and practices geared towards the realization of an employee’s potential which will in turn result to increased productivity for the entire organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role Of Human Resources Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human resource management has become one of the most important activity of an organization in the contemporary organizational environment especially after the realization that human resource productivity is dependent on its surroundings as opposed to other factors of production. For an organization to utilize its resources and endowments effectively and efficiently the quality of its human resource becomes of paramount importance. Human resource manage ment improves this quality of employees to ensure that they offer their best to the realization of the organizational goals and objectives. Role of Human Resource Management Functions of Human Resource Management The functions of Human resource management are wide and varied. Among these functions includes the role to ensure equal employment opportunities for all groups of people especially the minority. Management of human resource ensures that employers have in place employment policies and procedures which do not discriminate either in terms of race, gender, religion etc. This may also be done by formulating or adopting Affirmative actions that are in line with this agenda. When a working organization is free from bias and preferential treatment, employees will feel that they all are a part of the organization, each no better than the other and they have a role to play for the betterment of the organization as a whole. There is also the creation and development of a mutually resp ectful environment within the organization and employees are able to voice their personal conflicts with confidence that they will be determined fairly. The secret is in incorporating every employee into the organization not as a lesser important member but for each of them to feel as an integral part of the organization and the success or failure of the organization if in his/her hands. Another major role of the Human resource is in the planning, recruitment and selection of employees. This is the process by which organization picks the talent they require for the organization to perform properly, (Anonymous, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An organization which has recruited the wrong people into the organization will not only result to increased labour turnover due to the unproductive employees, but will also negatively affect the overall morale of all the employees leading to poor productivity. Subsequently, the employees will be disconnected from each other since they cannot relate well, more supervision will be required and the good employees may end up looking for alternative jobs. The human resource ensures prior planning is done before recruitment, the right employees are selected and the process is done fairly. This in turn will result into a good combination of talent and experience in the human resource representing the current labor market enabling them to work as a team leading to increased productivity. After recruitment of an employees has been done, the human resource team does not end their work there. With ever changing labor markets and technological needs, an organization needs to continuously offer training and educational services to its human resource. Through this, an organization can be sure that its human resource structure is composed of the most competent and qualified personnel in the labour market, and ret ain its comparative advantage of its human resources for effective competitiveness, (Mohanty, 2010). More so, human resource development increases the morality of employees where they feel that they are realizing their career development thus feeling that they are where they belong and can work to their full potential for the growth of the organization, the future of which is their future too. Employees in an organization need to be fairly rewarded every so often in recognition of their efforts and to congratulate good performance. This may come in the form of perks and packages in form of benefits over their monthly salaries. This works to retain experienced and competent employees to continue working for the organization. It also has a major role whereby employees who are rewarded feel good, their efforts having been recognized and are generally much happier and more productive. Further, other employees who did not perform as much feel obligated to work even harder so that their e fforts can show too be rewarded. The result is an overall motivated human resource working towards a common objective of the organization. The working conditions in a work place also play a major role in the performance of the employees. Everyone wants to work in an environment that safe and healthy to work in. it is the role of human resource management to ensure that the environment in which the workers do their work is clean and free from danger whether physical or psychological (Blessinger, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role Of Human Resources Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the surroundings are hygienic and free from danger, the employee becomes a much happier being and becomes more productive as compared to when he is always afraid that he may get injured or contract a disease. Further, a healthy working population is generally more productive as compared to a sickly popu lation. The Human Resource Management also has a role in ensuring that employees belong to a Trade Union or other labour relations. Employees need to have a channel through which they can air their grievances at the work place. This way disputes will be solved much more quickly and in a civilized manner. With such a channel, the employees will not depressed at the work place not knowing who to turn to but instead will always work their differences in time before the operation of the organization is disrupted. Further, having a trade union gives employees a sense of belonging and sense of safety which will increase their motivation leading to increased productivity. In order for the role of HR manager to be effective, all this roles must be performed optimally. All these roles are equally important and they all facilitate to the proper achievement of organizational goals. There is no role that is better than the other. They are all elements of the same branch. They all work to achiev e a common objective, i.e. helping an employee attain his best performance for the good of the whole organization. Emerging Role of Human Resource Management In the traditional past, the Human Resource Management team has always worked under the bureaucratic arm of the executive in performing its functions. This in turn saw the HR serve the interests of the executive form the restricting policies and systems instead of focusing on the employee needs as its primary goal. This normally left the employees on their own without their concerns being considered and worked upon which reduced their morality leading to reduced productivity for the organization. In the modern business world and with changing needs of organizations, managers have realized that the overall success of the organization is dependent on high quality and satisfying customer-service. This can only achieved through the employees of the organization and this means the human resource has to put more focus on the needs of its human resource. Thus, the role of the HR is also changing.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the modern organizations, HR managers should see themselves more of strategic partners (Hearthfiel, 2011). They have the primary role of ensuring that the organization attains its business goals and organizational objectives. They should have a clear understanding of the best work systems and designs which contribute to the optimum performance of the employees. He should know the strategy of human resource planning that has the greatest impact to the organization growth when used. This is in such areas as recruitment, motivation, reward system, human resource development and appraisal measures etc. As opposed to the situation in the past, the HR should work more as employee advocates instead of following the executive wishes and demands. He should identify and concentrate on the needs of the employees and should have an understanding of how human mind works to ensure that, he delivers to their expectations. He should come up with ways of treating employees so that they are always motivated, happy and very productive. This may be in the likes of effective communication, involving them in decision making, creating a sense of responsibility in them and generally making them know that they own the organization and that its failure or success is theirs too and that it lies in their able hands. The HR manager provide employees with an opportunity for self-development and help them in realizing their personal goals as they work towards the organizational objectives. They may also be involved in profit-sharing or in ownership of the organization and are given a chance to show their adaptability through delegation. With an ever changing world, the role of HR manager includes not just in acquiring the new breed of labour in the market but also in championing for change within their scope. He should come up with strategies through which he pioneers change not just among the employees but also in the entire organization by using his ability to handle people. He should know how to prevent people from resisting change and how employee can adapt to change within a short while. He also helps in identifying what the organization needs and help to formulate goals, mission, values and a culture that is geared towards those needs of the organization. His also role includes coming up with measures of to determine how the organization is performing against the overall goals and objectives. Human Resource Management Learning HR management learning helps you learn a wide range of skills that applicable in handling human resources today. Career services offered equips one with the skills to identify opportunities in the society to which one can apply the diverse skills learnt. One gets an opportunity to learn the legal and ethical issues that exist in the business world today in virtually all the industries and how to apply such knowledge to practical experiences. The coursework has been designed to strengthen ones management skills and be able to take up cor porate responsibility in an organization. Human Resource Management in the workplace In the workplace, HR management skills are of paramount importance. an organization will from time to time find itself faced with the need to make a decision on its staffing needs, for example, when and where to use an independent contractor, or to acquire new employees, how to improve the performance of the employees and how to ensure that the organization’s personnel and management practices adhere to the prevailing rules and regulations. An organization also requires to determine which approach to adopt in compensating employees and which benefits to offer employees as well as keeping employee records and the various personnel policies. The role of HR management has also undergone various changes. In the past, it was only concerned with hiring and firing of employees. Lately, organizations look up to the HR manager in playing the integral role of staffing, development and generally managin g people which is a central point to the growth and overall performance of the entire organization. Without proper management of the human resource, an organization cannot achieve anything regardless of its endowments in terms of capital and other factors of production. Human beings will most naturally result to dispute day in day out. If these disputes are not minimized and solved in time, they may cause havoc or even downfall to even a multinational organization. Further, the organization needs to come up with methods of attracting and retaining talent through proper rewarding and development of employees. Future Career in Human Resource Management The knowledge accumulated on human resource management is a useful tool for my future career. The management skills learnt will help in time management, organization of files for employees and increased personal efficiency. In addition, the ability to multitask is improtatnt in dealing with different and diverse needs of employees at th e same time and keeping composure. It will help in formulating priorities on what is important for the well being of the organization and the employees as well. Business ethics knowledge will enable keep the secrets and confidential information of the employees as a professional. It will also help in ensuring that employees are treated ethically by the executive and the employees themselves act in accordance with ethical principles laid down. The strategic orientation acquired will help to e able to influence management’s decision in acquiring new talent for the organization and which strategy the organization is to adopt. It will also help in determining and filling human resource needs for the organization as well as how to manage the staff through compensation, development, motivation etc. The human relation skills will also help in relating well with employees. Employees can look at you as someone they can talk freely to and as a way to channel their concerns. It will als o help in solving disputes among the employees and also between the employees and executive. Conclusion In this highly computerized and advanced technology being widely used, we cannot doubt that a machine will remain useless without proper knowledge to run it. Therefore, management of human resource becomes an important part of any organization. Human resource managers help in bringing change and have the ability to acquire knowledge on the basis of experimentation more than in any other career. Human resource helps to coordinate and integrate the performance within the organization with the expected results. References Anonymous. (2011). Recruitment and selection: The importance of good recruitment and selection. ACAS. Blessinger, K. (1999). Human Resource Management. Retrieved from https://sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/cic/ Hearthfiel, S. M. (2011). The New Roles of the Human Resources  Professional, The New York Times Company: About.com Mohanty, I. (2010). Human Resource Manag ement seeks to achieve: Individual, Organizational and Social Goals. Orissa: Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences. This research paper on Role Of Human Resources Management was written and submitted by user Rachael G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Rethinking Help for Children the Wic Program essays

Rethinking Help for Children the Wic Program essays The New York Times editorial, Rethinking Help for Children points out the insufficiency of a thirty year-old federal program to achieve its goals. The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food assistance program was established in the mid 1970s and intended to provide financial help to approximately 8 million individuals that includes about half of all American infants and one-quarter of children (NYT 2008). According to the criticisms highlighted by the article, the structure of the program provides food vouchers to low-income families, but those vouchers are usable mainly for high-fat and high-sugar foods that contradict some of the basic dietary principles that nutritionists have developed in the three decades since the inception of the WIC program. Under pressure from the Institute of Medicine, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) updated WIC regulations to improve the nutritional value to recipients, but even those changes are insufficient, largely because budgetary concerns limit the program budget to increases that amount to a few extra dollars each month, per person, for better nutritional choices such as fresh fruits and vegetables (NYT 2008). The Functionalist Reaction and Remedy: In general, functionalists view society as an interconnected organism in which the whole is only as healthy as the overall health of all its parts; they also consider the needs of everyone in society as the responsibility of society to provide as a whole (Macionis 2003). Therefore, functionalist observers of the WIC situation would strongly criticize the OMB for failing to authorize sufficient funding to achieve the changes to the program In light of changes in nutritional philosophy since the 1970s, functionalist critics would insist on increasing the program budget in accordance with the nutritional needs of its recipients instead of adhering to a budget that only p...

Two articles that are influential in the field of Organizational Article

Two articles that are influential in the field of Organizational Development - Article Example Furthermore, the authors indicate that those organizations that can develop a sense of learning within their respective units are the most likely to maintain a degree of success over the long term. The article itself was salient to the subject matter it discussed. However, the authors did not spend a great deal of time discussing how organizational policies that can affect the cultural exchange mechanisms can and should be instituted in order to achieve the highest levels of results. As such, the article lost a bit of its legitimacy with attempting to define and categorize such a process. Courvisanos, J., Tuck, J., McEachern, S., & National Centre for Vocational Education, R. (2012). Building the Capacity to Innovate: The Role of Human Capital. Research Report. National Centre For Vocational Education Research (NCVER), Similarly, the second article that has been chosen seeks to understand the ways in which an organization can actively support/foster and grow its innovative powers. The authors note that due to the fact that the marketplace is changing at such a rapid rate, it is necessary for organizations to react to this by seeking to differentiate the means by which they encourage innovation within their respective units. The authors do not commit to laying out a framework by which innovation itself can be encouraged; rather, they seek to lay out a series of conditions that firms should first consider with reference to how they intend on growing, expanding, and differentiating themselves. The article’s main drawback is concentric upon the fact that it does not lay out a specific framework for how innovation can be ultimately encouraged. Although it is clear why this has not been done from the analysis they performed as well as the explanations they gave, the reader is left to wonder if it would not be slightly more simple to merely lay out a basic framework for ways in which

Article critque Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article critque - Essay Example Stark says that managers must also include all employees who work in the organization as part of the planning process, instead of only relying on other finance officers. Stark suggests that there needs to be a plan that establishes the business need for a forecast and that it should be followed for best results. He outlines a plan for them. In order to create a plan, Stark suggests that when the organization is making the forecast, they should use at least two years of data. This data should include data from "multiple healthcare information systems (HIS), spreadsheets, small departmental databases and enterprise data warehouse information (p. 2). These sources will give the most accurate forecast. He suggest that data has to come "in their pure form" to make the forecast completely accurate. They also have to find a way to gather the information before it is purged from their system (he explains that most healthcare organizations purge data around the two year mark). Once the information is gathered it should be examined in a visual way either through trend, distribution or scatter graphs to see whether it is "clean data" or "to find anomalies" (p. 3). Once the information is gathered, a model is then build using either a "cause and effect, time series [or] judgment model," depending on the needs of the particular hea lthcare business (p. 3). According to the biographic information, Stark is VP of product management for an organization called MedeFinance. Although he works in finance the model he used seems to be left up to the individual organizations to interpret as to how to use it. Parts 3 and 4 of the model that have to do with building the model and evaluation of the model are difficult to understand for the lay person. If this was something that was being explained to employees other than financial people, it would be better written in laymens terms. Also, some financial managers may have difficult understanding the

The individuals with dsabilities education Act Essay Example for Free

The individuals with dsabilities education Act Essay Laws and Practices The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 1975), was originally called The Education of Handicapped Children Act. The act is a work in progress. It has been amended several times, including a major revision in 1997. This Federal law attempts to insure access to effective public education for people with a variety of disabilities. School personnel must become well versed with the Act, knowing what actions to take at each specific stage of a student’s development. Legal guidelines also apply to student’s referrals to special services. As times change, research surfaces, and issues arise, the act has been amended. Ensuring adequate funding for compliance with the act is always a challenge. It is often the focus of changes to the law. The law now extends to the time prior to the students enrollment in special education. Pre-Referral Interventions In the 1997 IDEA bill, parents were conferred the right to refuse an evaluation of their child for possible eligibility for special services. Mediation is provided in case of such an event. If the student opts for this evaluation a specific set of requirements apply. A multi-disciplinary team should be assembled early in the student’s educational process. The team may include administrators, guidance counselors, and special and general education teachers. Also members of the community who work with the student and experts in the particular disability may be included. This team may choose one of several decision making models to arrive at a strategy. Environmental and individual personality factors are assessed and attempts may be made to modify the students learning environment. The underlying assumption is that the student, whenever possible, should remain on a general education track. If the process results in a referral, a team familiar with the student will already be in place. Once that referral is made, the IDEA legislation provides the means to ensure that the rights of the individual are upheld. Six Key Components First, the IDEA legislation proposes that access to free appropriate public education (FAPE) is a right for individuals with disabilities. The method of education is unique to the needs of each individual learner. This is the theoretical underpinning for all the IDEA laws. If a child receives a pre-referral intervention or is referred to special education, the parents will not be subject to any additional fees in excess of those for other students. â€Å"Public† means that the public schools are required to educate all students, and adhere to federal requirements regarding education. Secondly, the act requires that all disabled students are evaluated effectively. Information about the student should be gathered from a number of sources then used in the development of the student’s learning plan. This information will also be used to determine which services the student is eligible for. During this stage, a diverse, knowledgeable team of professionals is developed to help the student’s progress. Thirdly, IDEA provides for the development of the Individualized Education Program (IEP). This is a written document that provides a road map for the student’s educational progress. A detailed Individualized Education Program (IEP) must be developed for each student. This should occur in short order after the student is referred and evaluated. The act stipulates what information is used in writing the IEP, who writes it, and what the school is obligated to do for the student. The IEP must be consulted, and may be amended, during the placement process. Fourth, IDEA states the principle of the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). Placement in classrooms must be in the best interest of the student. If this means that classrooms need to be modified in some way, it must be done unless it is to the detriment of the other students. The disabled student, as much as possible, must be included in the general education classroom. Providing assistance in order to do this is preferable to assigning the student to a special education classroom. If this is not feasible, there still should be a range of options available to foster as much inclusion as possible. Fifth, IDEA states the importance of parental involvement in decision making. The parent has the right to participate in any meetings concerning the student’s education. IDEA proposes that the process of educating the student is a partnership between that student, his or her parents, and the public schools. Parents are always an equal partner and are critical to the ultimate success of the student. This team will help determine placement for the student through a number of means, including norm referenced and criterion referenced tests. Since the student’s capabilities and potential eligibility for services are being assessed, these tests must be carefully chosen and peer reviewed. The presence of a parent or guardian should never be seen as a hindrance. This presence can only help the process for all involved. Finally, the sixth provision of the IDEA legislation imposes procedural safeguards to ensure the rights of all involved. Full disclosure of the factors leading to any school decision regarding the disabled student must be made to his or her parents. A mediation process is provided to resolve any disagreements that may arise. The six principles of IDEA are designed to ensure educational access from the time of first assessment until well after the special education program is exited. As times change, the IDEA law has been modified in a number of ways. Related Laws PL 99-457 (1986) – These amendments to IDEA provided for the creation of an individualized family service plan (IFSP) for each family served. It extended provisions of PL 94-142 (Free Appropriate Public Education) to preschool aged children. PL 101-476 – The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 mandated that the least restrictive environment (LRE) be provided to physically challenged vocational students. This act changed the term â€Å"handicapped† to â€Å"disabled† (U.S. Dept of Education, 2003). More people were covered as a result. The FAPE principle is stated again in this act, along with the requirements for an IEP and associated services. Assisted technology is now included as one of the associated services. Laws applying to inclusion and providing the least restrictive placement for the learner were reinforced. Much needed additional funding for early intervention services was provided. Finally, the act requires that each learner’s IEP must have a plan for transition to employment included by the age of 16. PL 105-17 (1997) – This law was a major revision to the original IDEA legislation. Disciplining special education students can be a thorny issue. In the past, many forms of classroom discipline risked violating IDEA laws. This issue was addressed in greater detain in this amendment. An amendment that would have eliminated the requirement to provide certain services to students who have been suspended was not included in the final bill. In addition to the IEP, the student’s educational team must also conduct functional behavioral assessments. A behavioral intervention plan must be developed, reviewed, and amended as necessary. The IEP itself must be more specifically tied in to general education requirements than in the past. Special education is to be de-emphasized and modified mainstreaming will be emphasized. For students with disciplinary problems that affect the learning of others, The IEP team must devise a strategy for behavioral management. For students who commit particularly dangerous acts, the team may impose a longer suspension or removal to an alternative setting. However, the team is also required to make a ruling, using accepted procedures, whether the behavior of the student was a function of his or her disability. (U. S. Dept. of Education, 2003). The behavioral management plan is then reevaluated from that perspective. HR 1350 IDEA Reauthorization (2004) – This reauthorization addresses financial issues as well as making several revisions to previously instituted policies. A risk pool was established to help offset state costs for students whose educational costs are particularly expensive. Full funding is not guaranteed by this act, but a gradual process leading to that goal was instituted. This bill sets additional standards for teacher certification. Overall performance goals are outlined and certification goals are established. Mandatory performance data will be gathered. A particular focus of this bill is to use this information to determine if there is a disproportionate enrollment of minority students in special education. The bill also makes further requirements for the IEP. Goal statements must include functional as well as academic goals. Provisions for IEP transfer between states are made. For students exiting special education, the bill requires the development of an educational summary along with recommendations for further education or entry to a career (Apling, 2002). IDEA in Practice Under the 1997 revision, general education teachers will become more involved in the education of those with disabilities. They will help in developing the student’s IEP, in addition to helping create the least restrictive environment (LRE) for the student to participate with regular classes. The IDEA legislation is recognition that the cookie cutter approach to education is often not effective. This is particularly true for those who have disabilities. At the same time, it proposes a great many regulations that educators must adhere to. However, these regulations should be seen as a helpful tool for guiding the disabled student toward the best possible educational experience. IDEA recognizes that not only do these students have the same right to a public education as anyone else, but that it is also in the best interest of society to provide that education.Sources Apling, Richard Jones, Nancy Lee. (2002). â€Å"The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Overview of Major Provisions†. Washington D. C. : The Congressional Research Service. Francis, Leslie P. Silvers, Anita. (2000). Americans with Disabilities: exploring implications of the law for individuals and institutions. New York: Routledge. U. S. Dept. of Education. (2003). â€Å"An overview of the bill to provide a broad understanding of some of the changes in IDEA ‘97†. Accessed 12/17/2006. Available from: http://www. ed. gov/offices/OSERS/Policy/IDEA/overview. htm.

Living with Depression, Mania, and Medication Essay -- Personal Narrat

Living with Depression, Mania, and Medication Depression joined my life shortly after I entered middle school and tagged on persistently through my adolescent years. At first, my sullen moods were brushed off as mere hormonal changes, but I quickly became aware there was something more behind them. The severity of depression is difficult to explain without personal thoughts and examples. I know that my depression is coming long before it sets in. There is a cloud of forewarning that starts to move in on the vibrancy of my thoughts and vision; the world becomes distorted and negative. Slowly, this bleakness moves in from the outside world down to the pit of my stomach where it creates a dark, menacing feeling that makes me want to cry, scream, and vomit all at the same time. The feeling beckons me to a state of hopelessness and complete despair. Lingering thoughts of paranoia become prominent which leaves friends as foes out to abandon me and complete strangers as agents out to destroy me. The thoughts of negativity drag me deepe r and deeper until I am convinced there is no bottom; they separate me from the outside world. It is in this lowest state that one of two things happens: either I am persuaded by suicidal tendencies or the blackness lifts without a trace. Without medication, death was always a daunting possibility of ending this horrid affair. The cycling of depression became a constant part of my life leaving me always afraid of what was around the corner. The other side of that corner did not appear in my life until the end of high school. Around the time of my eighteenth birthday, my mania began its cycle. The brutality of mania may set in as mere normalcy, but, in time, that same "normalcy" can end worse than d... ...nia, and medication are all part of the bipolar disorder that will be with me for the rest of my life. The cruelty of depression and ruthlessness of mania are something that no person should have to bear. They force a person to doubt society, reject friends, and lose sanity while the disease slowly starts killing the victim from the inside out. However difficult my past has been made by depression and mania, my life has come to look brighter with the advancement of medication. Bipolar disorder is a life- long disease that will always have its setbacks; however, it is a disease that, with the proper medication, will not keep me locked in a cage separate from the outside world. With the diagnoses of bipolarity, I know that I will have to deal with depression and mania, but I also know that I was not born crazy. I was born with a disease, but I was meant to live as me. Living with Depression, Mania, and Medication Essay -- Personal Narrat Living with Depression, Mania, and Medication Depression joined my life shortly after I entered middle school and tagged on persistently through my adolescent years. At first, my sullen moods were brushed off as mere hormonal changes, but I quickly became aware there was something more behind them. The severity of depression is difficult to explain without personal thoughts and examples. I know that my depression is coming long before it sets in. There is a cloud of forewarning that starts to move in on the vibrancy of my thoughts and vision; the world becomes distorted and negative. Slowly, this bleakness moves in from the outside world down to the pit of my stomach where it creates a dark, menacing feeling that makes me want to cry, scream, and vomit all at the same time. The feeling beckons me to a state of hopelessness and complete despair. Lingering thoughts of paranoia become prominent which leaves friends as foes out to abandon me and complete strangers as agents out to destroy me. The thoughts of negativity drag me deepe r and deeper until I am convinced there is no bottom; they separate me from the outside world. It is in this lowest state that one of two things happens: either I am persuaded by suicidal tendencies or the blackness lifts without a trace. Without medication, death was always a daunting possibility of ending this horrid affair. The cycling of depression became a constant part of my life leaving me always afraid of what was around the corner. The other side of that corner did not appear in my life until the end of high school. Around the time of my eighteenth birthday, my mania began its cycle. The brutality of mania may set in as mere normalcy, but, in time, that same "normalcy" can end worse than d... ...nia, and medication are all part of the bipolar disorder that will be with me for the rest of my life. The cruelty of depression and ruthlessness of mania are something that no person should have to bear. They force a person to doubt society, reject friends, and lose sanity while the disease slowly starts killing the victim from the inside out. However difficult my past has been made by depression and mania, my life has come to look brighter with the advancement of medication. Bipolar disorder is a life- long disease that will always have its setbacks; however, it is a disease that, with the proper medication, will not keep me locked in a cage separate from the outside world. With the diagnoses of bipolarity, I know that I will have to deal with depression and mania, but I also know that I was not born crazy. I was born with a disease, but I was meant to live as me.

Notes on Egypt’s history Essay

EGYPT TODAY Egypt started 5,000 years ago, and lasted for over 3,000 years, longer than most other civilizations in the world’s history. It lies between Africa and the Middle East. This ancient country holds a history of over 6,000 years. The Pyramids, the Sphinx, the tomb of young King Tut are just a few pyramids built to bury thre rich and the royal.. The majority of the population in Egypt lives in an area along the Nile River called the Nile Valley and the Nile Delta. As a result, many places in this region are extremely crowded, with several thousand persons per square kilometer. Egypt’s civilians today are mostly Ancient Egyptians, Arabs, Turks, and other peoples are blended in their ancestry. About half of the population of the Nile Delta are fellahin (pronounced fel-uh-heen), or peasants–either small landowners or laborers–living on the produce of the land. The average family of fellahin has four or five children, who start working as soon as they are able to do so. Most fellahin, especially the women, spend their lives in drudgery. The areas to the west and the east of the Nile River–the Western and the Eastern Deserts–only contain small settlements of semi-nomads–the Bedouins (pronounced bed-oo-in). They live by herding goats, sheep, and camels, or by trading–mainly with mining and petroleum camps, or with fishing communities on the coast. The Bedouins families are about the same size as the fellahin families, except that many Bedouin husbands have from two to four wives. THE HISTORY OF EGYPT GENERAL Egyptian history begins around 3300 BC. This was when the Egyptians finally had enough symbols in their writing to record history. From 3100 BC inscriptions created a way for later Egyptians. It was also the time when the pharaoh, King Menes, created Egypt by uniting the two parts of Egypt, also known as Upper and Lower Egypt, into a single kingdom. A series of strong and able rulers established a well organized government. The Sun God Re was the most loved god-figure at the time. Over time, authority began to disappear and Egypt was controlled by foreign princes. THE NILE No other civilization in the time of the pharaohs could compete with Egypt’s magnificent buildings, its wealth, or its long centuries of peace. To a large extent, this is because other civilizations did not have Egypt’s main advantage — its great river. For tens of thousands of years the focal point of Egyptian life has been the River Nile. Egypt is correctly said to be the gift of the Nile and Egypt’s two most important areas are the Delta and the Nile Valley. The Nile Delta is the heartland of Egypt. The ancient Egyptians believed that the waters of the Nile came from a â€Å"mysterious heaven of plenty†. All of Egypt depended on the Nile for water, food, and transportation. THE PHARAOH Pharaoh simply means â€Å"the one who lives in the palace†. Egyptians addressed their pharaoh as though he were a god with several forms. They thought he was more than human and addressed him with the names of several gods. The pharaoh’s most godlike names were â€Å"son of Re† and â€Å"giver of life like Re†. The Egyptians believed that no single name could express the greatness of their ruler. They also believed by serving the gods, the king helped the sun to rise every morning and helped the Nile to flood at the end of each summer. They believed that in return for the offerings of food and water that only the pharaoh could make, the gods would feed the souls of the Egyptians after death. The pharaoh’s power was almighty and unquestioned. As a matter of fact, just touching the pharaoh’s crown or scepter, even accidentally, carried the death penalty. The pharaoh’s chief duty was to build and maintain temples to the gods. PYRAMIDS AND STRUCTURES The buildings of Egypt that were mainly built 5,000 years ago were the pyrimids. All of them were built to contain the tombs of pharaohs. In the 27th century BC, the first pyramid was built and pyramids became the most  popular way to bury royalty. They were the earliest buildings ever to be made by precisely cutting and putting together great blocks of stone. In stonework, Egypt led the world for more than 2,000 years. PICTURES AND WORDS Important Egyptians were wealthy enough to build magnificent tombs and furnish them richly with treasures, inscriptions, paintings, and statues. Egyptians did not paint images to show what people were really like, instead, a picture was a kind of diagram. To preserve the magical power of their art, the Egyptians believed they must copy exactly the style handed down through the ages. This meant that most artists painted in the same way, and the people they painted all looked the same. Tomb pictures were closely connected with Egypt’s famous picture writing, or hieroglyphs, invented about 5,000 years ago.

Asthma Symptoms, Diagnosis, Management Treatment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 686 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Asthma Essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Its like trying to breathe through a straw or being a fish out of water. These are just two of the many ways people have described what having an asthma attack feels like. Affecting an estimate of 6 million children nationwide (Zahran et al., 2018), asthma seems to have cemented itself as prevalent disease that warrants plenty of awareness and education in households nationwide. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Asthma Symptoms, Diagnosis, Management Treatment" essay for you Create order Locally, Asthma in New York City affects about 84,000 children (12 years old and under) with the highest rate being that of our Bronx communities, 8.1% (FIND THIS SOURCE 2 CITE!). This paper will not only aim to provided a further understanding of the types of Asthma, but also examine the risk factors that exist in our local communities and how studies today seek to explain and tackle the elevated asthma rates in the the Bronx DESCRIPTION OF THE DISEASE Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that can range from mild to life threatening and effects an individuals bronchiole tubes, compromising their ability to breathe. In a normal and healthy state, when a person inhales, the respiratory system is able to seamlessly carry out the necessary steps. Air is able to travel down the lungs and through the bronchiole tubes, where the body uses the mucus in these airways to trap and clear out any particles that might have found their way inside, like pollen or dust. The air would then enter these tiny air sacs called alveoli where the oxygen passes through its thin walls to the surrounding capillaries and hemoglobin helps move oxygen from the alveoli to the blood, allowing for the circulation of oxygenated blood to the organs. In the case of asthma however, an individuals bronchiole tubes remain in a constant state of inflammation, regardless of the presence of symptoms, which in turn make the airways hyper responsive to any triggers e ncountered. These triggers can vary from exposure to indoor allergens like dust and cockroaches to those genrally outdoor such as pollen, air pollution or tobacco smoke. Once exposed, the bronchioles become even more inflamed, and cause the mucosa lining of the airways to produce more mucus. The smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles will subsequently constrict, also known as bronchoconstriction, and significantly decrease the air flow. This obstruction will ultimately leave the person struggling to take full, deep breaths and in more severe cases, can lead to death. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), otherwise known as exercise induced asthma is also another type of Asthma. Although the previously mentioned triggers can also effect exercise-induced asthma, its the quicker and deeper breaths we take due to the increased demand of oxygen of our body that worsen symptoms of EIB the most (www.afa.org). Since we typically inhale through our mouth instead of our nose while ex ercising, we are taking in cold, dry air. Its this same air that triggers the bronchoconstriction and can set off the same chain of events physiologically as the allergen induced asthma previously discussed. Any symptoms exhibited that are a characteristic of EIB are not present immediately at the start of the exercise, but while the exercise is ongoing and although it can worsen 5-10 minutes once the completed, an additional 20-30 minutes allows for it resolve itself. Although there is no known exact cause if Asthma per se, there are multiple risk factors that are believed to strongly influence the likelihood of its development. Exposure to allergens, air pollution (including those due to occupation), smoking, family history, obesity and frequent viral respiratory infections are all recognized by the American Lung Association as risk factors for developing asthma. When looking at an urban population like that of the Bronx, additional risk factors come into play, such as access to medical care, patterns of medical care, psychological stress, socioeconomic status and housing conditions (Eggleston, 2000). In their study, Karen Warman , Ellen J. Silver and Pam R. Wood, compared modifiable risk factors in the Bronx for asthma morbidity in comparison to other inner city children in 7 other studied states (2009). The study concluded that children in the Bronx are more likely than other inner-city kids to be sensitized to exposed household allergens (86% vs. 58%; p There are common symptoms that have led general health practioners to quickly identify what can most likely be asthma in children and adults alike and who is having an attack. Wheezing for example, is one of the indicatiors physicians look for when diagnosing patients. ** which is caused by the whistling sound the air makes as it struggles to travel through the narrowed airways. While sometimes not audible from a distance, physicians can identify this with certainty with the help of their stethoscope. Coughing is also another, often dismissed symptom of asthma. The coughing comes about because of the excess mucus production from the mucosa lining in our bronchioles and and the continued state of inflammation they exist in. Lastly, a tightening sensation of the chest which patients have described as if something heavy is on their chest, is attributed to the smooth muscles of the bronchioles constricting. In an asthma attack all these symptoms worsen to the point where there is not eno ugh oxygen being transported to the rest of the organs and death can be the end result. TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE Asthma is not a disease that can be passed along from one person to another. Being around an individual with this condition doesnt make a person any more likely to develop the symptoms or diagnosis. On the contrary, asthmatics surrounded by others who might have a common respiratory infection like the flu, pneumonia or a cold, risk contracting that infection which although not entirely understood why, studies have found effects asthmatics much worse with symtpoms lasting longer than those without asthma (Busse WW, Lemanske RF Jr Gern JE, 2010). TREATMENT While the exact cause of asthma is still unknown, the treatment for it has been refined throughout the years in order to devise the most optimal plan not only treat but more importantly prevent. Working with a primary care physician to develop an Asthma Action Plan allows one to clearly outline the steps that need to be taken should should symptoms start to arise and worsen. The action plan essentially contains the following five steps: 1.Instructions on proper use of asthma meds 2. Necessary actions when you or your child is has symptoms or a low peak flow reading 3.Signs of an episode/attack 4.When to seek emergency care 5.Emergency contact info In terms of actual medication used to treat asthma, there are two main categories form which doctors prescribed medication from. The first category is also looked as the primary treatment because they are known as relievers which provide rapid, short-term relief of asthma symptoms to prevent a flare or attack . Reliever or rescue medi cations can be either short-acting beta agonists, ipratropium or oral and intravenous corticosteroid. The short-acting beta agonists can be taken as inhalers that include albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, etc.) and levalbuterol (Xopenex) or via a nebulizer were the medication is delivered through a face mask or mouthpiece. Both forms of these bronchodialators aim to reduce the tightness of the airways so we can breathe more comfortably. Like the short-acting beta agonist, ipratropium (Atrovent) is also delivered through an inhaler and although its more frequently used for cases of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, its also been used to treat asthma attacks. The last of the reliever medications are corticosteroids like prednisone and methylprednisolone, which can be taken oraly or intravenously (www.MayoClinic.org). Although they are meant to provide immediate relief, these medications are not for long term use and it is recommend to seek a doctor if the reliever is being used mor e frequently than was discussed between a patient and their physician. Maintaining control of ones asthma goes beyond the immediate relief provided by a resuce medication. It also entails adhering to a daily treatment regimen if required, to help prevent the occurance of an asthma attack. In these instances, long-term asthma control medications, otherwise known as preventative medications are a crucial component to this. Among them are leukotriene modifiers, long-acting beta agonists, combination inhaelrs and theophylline. Both leukotriene modifiers like montelukast(Singulair) and theophylline (Elixophyllin) come in tablet form and help relieve asthma symptoms for up to 24 hours and function as a bronchodilator to relax airways respectively. Combination inhalers like the Advair Diskus and long-acting beta agonist inhalers like Serevent and Foradil are the last two additional options for preventive medications for airway opening. However, some research has shown that long-acting beta agonist should not be used on its own and instead combined with an inha led corticosteroid to avoid the risk of having a severe asthma attack (www.nhlbi.nih.gov). For patients who who been diagnosed with exercise indiced asthma, the treatment regimen also includes short and long-acting beta agonists/bronchodilators in addition to mast cell stabalizers (www.aafa.org). When taking these medications, its important to be aware that these medications are most effective when taken under the suggested time frames when used to treat EIB vs. non-exercise induced asthma. Short-acting bronchodilators for example help prevent symptoms for up to four hours, but must be taken 10-15 minutes prior to exercising. Long-acting bronchodilators must also be taken before any activity, specifically 30-60 minutes beforehand and only once within a 12 hour period. (www.aafa.org) These types of medications are strictly for the prevention of symptoms only and unlike the short-acting bronchodilators, long-acting bronchodilators will not provide any reversal or relief of EIB symptom s. Lastly, mast cell stabilizers are medications that should be taken 15-20 minutes prior to exercising and like the long-lasting bronchodilators will not relieve symptoms once they begin. This group of medication is often prescribed as part of combination therapy where it is combined with short-acting bronchodilators as well. PROGNOSIS Although incurable, the prognosis for patients with asthma is generally quite good. There are multiple forms of therapies that doctors can prescribed, whether its in pill form or an inhaler as well as multiple options of the actual medicine. With the different classes of medications and the options within those classes, there is that flexibility the doctor has to find a prescription ideal for each individual patient whether its in the form of one medication as monotherapy or with combination therapy instead. Leading a normal life is very much attainable with this condition, and may only sometimes be punctuated by the occasional asthma attack and/or the long-term preventative medicaitons that are taken daily (www.erdwhitebook.org) . Moreover, throughout the years, there has been quite some research done on both excerise induced asthma and allergen asthma that have allowed the public to become more aware and knowledgeable on the subject matter. The NYC Health Department has even launch ed campaigns in Northern Manhattan, Central Brooklyn and the entire Bronx which are the areas in New York City with the higesht rates of ER visits and hospitalization for asthma. The goal of this campaing is to educate parents on asthma being more than just an episode, but rather a chronic illness that requires every day management (www1.nyc.gov). FUTURE FOR ASTHMA Current research in asthma has been focusing more and more on understanding why disparities exist across certain communities as well as racial and ethnic groups in relation to asthma rates and hospitalizations. According to the New York State Asthma Surveilance Summary Report (2013), New York City residents had higher rate of emergency room visits (135.0 per 10, 000 residents) than of New York State overall (54.2 per 10,000 residents). The disparity of this rate was even more pronounced when observing the collected data from the Bronx, which was concluded to have the highest rate of ER visit (231.4 per 10,000 residents) out of NYC and NYS. Researchers now look to use Geographic Information Science, or GIScience to analyze characterisitcs like housing conditions, socioeconomic status, and the air pollution unique to specific areas in NYC and find any correlations . In their study Urban Asthma and the Neighbourhood Environment in New York City, Corburn et al. used GIScience to determin e how exactly a childs external environment, particularly their neighborhood, effects their asthma, concluding that it is often a specific combination of factors such as poor housing conditions, outdoor air pollution and noxious land uses that are responsible for the increased incidence of asthma in impoverished neighborhoods (2004). They found that the South Bronx and Morrisania/Blemont neighborhoods were among the highest rates of asthma hospitalizations relative to their population across all others in the city (Corburn et al. , 2004). The findings from this study are important because it gives us concrete facts supported by statistical evidence that show that although Asthma may not necessarily be such a pressing matter nationwide, there are communities where this is still very much a cause for concern. More recently, there is an ongoing branch of a research study at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx looking to also understand why adults of Hispanic and Black/Afri can American descent frequent the ER or are hospitalized more and work to lower those rates. In the PREPARE study, Dr. Elliot Israel will compare the asthma outcomes of two groups of participants, all of whom require some medication for the daily management of their persistent asthma (www.preparestudy.net). While enrolled participants still see their own physician for their asthma management and overall healthcare, the PREPARE study will provide one group with an additional medication, a short acting bronchodilator, and the other will be showed a new to keep their usual reliever and rescue medications on them at all times. Although still in the very early stages of recruitment, the possible findings the Bronx site of this study can obtain is important in determining if approaches like this, with follow-up phone interviews and questionnaires over the 15 month period of the study, make the desired impact of reducing the rates of adults of Latinx or Black/African American descent and m inimizing the disparity this disparity that exists among the other racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSION Asthma is chronic lung disease that causes obstruction of the airways. It is a disease that although no exact cause is known, years of research have been able to find and further emphasize the impact of, countless risk factors that do lead to a higher predisposition of developing asthma. Though asthma may often be just thought of as allergen induced, exercise induced asthma is also another common type of this same overarching condition, that finds its hosts struggling with some of the same symptoms as allergen induced asthma. With how prevalent asthma is, the amount of education and resources made available allow people to get more involved and become their own health advocate, instead of being a bystander to a disease that can be well managed enough for the individual to live their normal life.